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Publicação
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Título:
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Exposure and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in rocket plants (Eruca sativa)
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Tipo:
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Actas
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Autor(es):
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Andreia Filipa Brito Fidalgo
,
Joana Ride Sales
,
Filipa Rego Pinto
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Inês Neto Moreira
,
Miguel Mourato
,
Luisa Louro Martins
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Resumo:
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One of the main problems concerning the industrial world is related to the soil and water contaminations with toxic chemical products. Heavy metals and metalloids are potentially toxic elements (PTE) that naturally occur in the soil. However, these elements can also be present in the soil due to the contamination resultant of anthropogenic activity. Soil salinity is considered to be a serious problem in arid and semi-arid regions, where it limits the agricultural productivity.
When plants are exposed to these PTE, they can suffer reduced growth, different oxidative stress effects and the levels of its mineral nutrients can be affected.
In this work, experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the rocket (Eruca sativa) response to the stress induced by arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and NaCl. We measured the contents of minerals in the plants, namely sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, as well as the content of contaminants studied, like copper, cadmium and arsenic in rocket leaves, after 41, 48, 55 and 62 days of exposition to these PTE.
In plants growing under Cd toxicity and compared to the control, we measured a significant decrease in the levels of Ca (-11.2 %), Mn (-8.9 %), Na (-27.4 %) and Zn (-42.6 %). In the experiments with Cu, this element appears to reduce the absorption of Ca (-8.4 %) and Zn (-33.6 %). Regarding the experiments with As, it was observed that this element appears to stimulate the absorption of Na (+57.8 %) while reducing the absorption of Cu (-32.0 %), Mn (-17.4 %) and Zn (-18.7 %). In the experiments with NaCl, this element appears to reduce the absorption of Ca (-41.1 %), Mg (-39.1 %), Mn (-35.1 %), Zn (-14.4 %) and K (-22.8 %).
These results confirm, therefore, that PTE and NaCl influence the mineral element content of the rocket leaves.
The rocket plants showed visible changes in their growth and development when exposed to NaCl, presenting a generally smaller size and smaller, darker green leaves.
It was also observed an accumulation of Cd in the edible parts, where contamination levels were higher than those established by European regulations for this heavy metal in leaf vegetables. At the 62nd day the Cd content in the leaves was 5.91 mg kg-1 fresh weight, while the regulations establish a maximum limit for cadmium of 0.2 mg kg-1 fresh weight [1]. Arsenic also accumulated a relatively high amount with up to 14.15 mg kg-1 fresh weight at day 62. Regarding the contamination by Cu and taking into account that it is an essential element for all organisms, it was shown that its concentration reached 21.29 mg kg-1 fresh weight at the same period of time.
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Ano:
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2014
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Evento:
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12º Encontro de Química dos Alimentos
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Documentos
Não existem documentos.
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